Criterion (ii) Scholarship Faculty shall provide evidence of competence and continued growth in professional activity. Professionally active faculty demonstrate accomplishment in scholarship. Scholarship may take any of the four forms described below, all of which involve interacting with peers in ways that benefits students, colleagues, communities, disciplines, and faculty themselves. The university values all of these kinds of scholarship. Faculty are not expected to demonstrate accomplishment in all forms of scholarship. 1) Scholarship of Discovery . . . demonstrates a commitment to making particular and unique contributions to knowledge within a discipline. It involves the process of confronting the unknown, seeking understanding, looking freshly, probing new ideas, and answering the question, "What is to be known and made known?" It may be evidenced by publication, artistic products, and other forms of professional dialogue with one's peers. 2) Scholarship of Integration . . . demonstrates a commitment to interpreting knowledge, making connections across disciplines, and placing knowledge in perspective. It involves illuminating, interpreting, critically analyzing data, and sharing with colleagues answers to the question, "What do the findings of research mean?" It may be evidenced by publication, artistic production, and other forms of professional conversation with colleagues in one's own and in other disciplines. 3) Scholarship of Application . . . demonstrates a commitment to using knowledge responsibly to solve problems of consequence to human welfare. It may be evidenced by publication, artistic production, and other forms of professional involvement and leadership beyond the academic community. 4) Scholarship of Teaching . . . demonstrates a commitment to understanding and improving the process of teaching and learning. It involves critical inquiry into the development of effective approaches and methodologies to communicate one's discipline, and seeks to raise as well as answer questions. It may be evidenced by publication, artistic products, and by other forms of intellectual and professional exchange among colleagues. As with all other forms of scholarship, the demonstration of interaction with professional peers is integral to the scholarship of teaching. Criterion (iii) Service Faculty shall provide evidence of substantial and sustained service. Service may take any of the forms described below. Service to the university is expected. Faculty engage in activities that benefit the university, their profession, and the community through lives of thoughtful inquiry, work, leadership, and care. 1) Service to the University . . . includes general and major advising; personal and career counseling of students; participating in committee work and curriculum development; performing administrative tasks; fostering collegiality among faculty; supporting student-centered extracurricular activities; speaking to student groups; recruiting and recommending students. 2) Service to the Profession . . . includes participating in professional organizations and accrediting activities; serving on regional/national/ international committees and boards; giving presentations or lectures. 3) Service to the Community . . . includes doing civic, religious, educational, or other charitable work, and may involve contributions in the private as well as the public sphere.