Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory condition of the lining of the eyelid and surface of the white part of the eye (or conjunctiva) in which the membrane becomes red and irritated. Often there is an associated discharge. Common causes of conjunctivitis are viral, bacterial, and allergic. It is often referred to as "pink eye".
A. Viral: Most cases of viral conjunctivitis are caused by the same "cold virus" that causes a common cold, but instead of the virus infecting the mucous membrane lining the nose and throat; it infects the mucous membrane of the eye. Symptoms include eye irritation, watery to mucosal discharge, and eyelids that may be stuck together in the mornings. Other cold symptoms are often present and it evolves gradually over 1-2 days.
B. Bacterial: Bacterial conjunctivitis can be caused by a number of infectious organisms. There is usually considerable thick discharge, irritation, and eyelids are almost always stuck together in the morning. It often only involves one eye and progresses quite rapidly.
C. Allergic: Allergic conjunctivitis produces a red eye with itching and tearing. Most people have a runny/stuffy nose as well. The symptoms tend to be recurrent and seasonal. Often there is a history of eczema or asthma.
D. Irritating: The conjunctiva can be irritated by smoke, chemicals, makeup, and dry air. The symptoms are usually similar to allergic or viral conjunctivitis.
Viral conjunctivitis is treated symptomatically. Just as there is no "cure" for a common cold, there is no "cure" for viral conjunctivitis. It usually resolves on its own within 1-2 weeks. Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointment. Allergic conjunctivitis can be treated with systemic (oral) allergy medications or eye drops specifically designed for allergic conjunctivitis. Cool or warm compresses (which ever feels better) often relieve the associated itching , burning, and crusting of all types. Topical decongestant drops can reduce redness and swelling, but should not be used for more than 3 days. Lubricating drops can provide temporary relief for as long as necessary. Any eye drops can cause short term stinging and irritation.
Wash your hands frequently. Conjunctivitis caused by a virus or bacteria is contagious and spread through contact with the eye discharge. Touching the affected eye or any discharge leaves the infecting organism on your hand. If you touch your other eye or an object that others touch you can spread the infection. Wash them before and after you instill medication and after touching your eyes or face.
Don't share towels, pillows, or washcloths while you have conjunctivitis. Don't wear eye makeup until the symptoms are gone. Throw away makeup you were using when you got the infection. Do not use someone else's medication.
Wash your hands before you touch your eyes or face. Do not share eye makeup, contact lens containers or solutions. Do not share pillows, sheets, washcloths or handkerchiefs.
To decide when you should return to school or work, think about conjunctivitis like you would a cold. Base your decision on how you feel and whether you are likely to spread it to others.